Class II biocompatible E-Shell 300 3D printing material causes severe developmental toxicity in Danio rerio embryos and reduced cell proliferation in vitro – implications for 3D printed microfluidics

摘要: Additive manufacturing is a new technology that represents highly promising, cheap, and efficient solution for the production of various tools in biomedicine field. In our study, toxicity commercially available E-Shell 300 series photopolymer, which used manufacture hearing aids other implants could be potentially exploited microfluidic device fabrication, was tested using vivo vitro biological models. We examined B14 cell proliferation direct contact with three-dimensional (3D)-printed material as well water extracts to evaluate cytotoxicity. Similarly, tests were performed an OECD-standardized fish embryo acute (FET) test on Danio rerio embryos well. Despite 3D-printed being declared class-IIa biocompatible, case both models, results demonstrated considerable negative impact severe developmental toxicity. this up 84% reduced 79% mortality models observed. contrast, negligible toxic influence present. Four different post-processing treatments reduce also tested. observed post-printing treatment 96% ethanol can embryonic FET by 71% completely eliminate effects proliferation. analyzed leachates from polymeric structures mass spectrometry (MS) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, we discovered presence surfactant residues. summary, indicate importance biocompatibility testing 3D printing photopolymer given model. On hand, possibility eliminating appropriate strategy opens door broader applications photopolymers development complex devices applications.