Governance of sustainable transitions: about the 4(0) ways to change the world

摘要: Transitions are radical system innovations that usually take 1e2 generations. Using Cultural Theory as a heuristic, this paper presents four archetypical approaches to transition management. The fatalist approach refrains from management (motto: ‘First, disaster must happen’). is in stalemate no experiment or hierarchy can break; external events bring the window of opportunity for change. hierarchic relies on dominant actor coalition steer change ‘Let’s put man moon!’). individualist mainly changing financial ground rules ‘Sustainability through market’). Finally, egalitarian process management, doing experiments, etc. ‘A good arena will solve it all’). This makes sense if situation not clear enough be managed via one other approaches, and there clearly identifiable learning objective. 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.