Caryophyllales: a key group for understanding wood anatomy character states and their evolution.

摘要: Definitions of character states in woods are softer than generally assumed, and more complex for workers to interpret. Only by a constant effort transcend the limitations glossaries can partial understanding wood anatomy its evolution be achieved. The need such an is most evident major group with sufficient diversity demonstrate numerous problems anatomical features. Caryophyllales s.l., approximately 12 000 species, group. Paradoxically, offer many interpretive other ‘typically woody’ eudicot clades comparable size: wider range structural patterns represented order. An account expression presented characters Caryophyllales. These include successive cambia (more extensively elsewhere angiosperms); vessel element perforation plates (non-bordered bordered, without constrictions); lateral wall pitting vessels (notably pseudoscalariform patterns); vesturing sculpturing on walls; grouping vessels; nature tracheids fibre-tracheids, storying libriform fibres, types axial parenchyma, ray shifts ontogeny; juvenilism rays; raylessness; occurrence idioblasts; new cell type (ancistrocladan cells); correlations raylessness scattered bundle discoveries newly described and/or understood through use scanning electron microscopy light microscopy. This study goes beyond summarizing or reportage attempts interpretations terms degrees juvenilism, diversification habit, ecological occupancy strategies (with special attention succulence) phylogenetic change. Phylogenetic change held best interpreted when accompanied ontogeny, species ecology, habit taxonomic context. Wood demonstrates inherent binary definitions, mapping morphological onto DNA-based trees analyse structure taking into habital difficulties bridging physiology ecology briefly reviewed. © 2010 Linnean Society London, Botanical Journal Society, 2010, 164, 342–393.