Environmental Sources of Fecal Bacteria

摘要: Despite regulatory requirements for treating wastewater to reduce microbial pollutants prior release into waterways, frequent beach closures or advisories as a result of elevated fecal indicator bacteria (FIB; e.g., Escherichia coli and enterococci) have been chronic problem at many recreational locations. This chapter provides review the research on environmental occurrences FIB in variety terrestrial aquatic habitats under different geographic climatic conditions, discusses how these external sources may affect surface water quality. are usually retained upper layer soil depending type, temperature, rate flow, other variables. Several source tracking studies identified wildlife an important nonpoint FIB; however, identifying partitioning contaminants by has challenging. Future colonization potential, growth requirements, interactions, population genetics, can shed more light occurrence natural environments. The persistence potential sediments soils likely serious impact quality elevating bacterial counts through resuspension runoff. Since large quantities wastes generated from animal husbandry activities, such poultry, dairy, swine production, often spread over land fertilizer, processes increase that, turn, could potentially nearby bodies.