EFFECTS OF PREDATOR CUES ON PESTICIDE TOXICITY: TOWARD AN UNDERSTANDING OF THE MECHANISM OF THE INTERACTION

摘要: Pesticide toxicity may be modified by a number of co-occurring environmental and ecological stressors. Coexposure to predator cues has been shown potentiate and/or synergize pesticides. However, the mechanisms behind these interactions are not well understood. Here we examine effects fish (bluegill, Lepomis macrochirus) on five different pesticides freshwater cladoceran, Ceriodaphnia dubia. The purpose for examining patterns among was test idea that mechanism interaction could explained general stress response; is, would similar regardless pesticide's action (MOA)). Acute 96-h concentration-response experiments were conducted with without cues. Predator influenced varied Fipronil exhibited synergistic interaction, while interacted antagonistically bifenthrin thiacloprid. Other compounds previously reported (malathion) found act additively. results demonstrate factors such as pesticide bioavailability, KOC, exposure concentration important predicting occurrence consistent varying in MOA. is an component structuring communities ecosystem processes. Fully understanding how this process interact organic contaminants best achieved examination at toxicokinetic toxicodynamic scales. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2011;30:1926-1934. # 2011 SETAC Keywords—Ceriodaphnia dubia Mixture Multiple stressors Nonadditive