Retinal and Choroidal Manifestations of Tuberculosis

摘要: Ocular tuberculosis has been recognized from the nineteenth century onward due to work of Gueneau de Mussy, Jaeger, Fraenkel, and Bouchut. had a high prevalence worldwide in twentieth century, but this reduced significantly western hemisphere, decline that paralleled as common systemic infection. In recent times, varies 18% (Spain) 1.39% (India). The advent human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemic led an increase ocular up 23.5%. Manifestations vary depending upon tissue involved. manifestations can either be direct infection or hypersensitivity reactions. Rare include eyelids (lupus vulgaris), conjunctiva (conjunctivitis), cornea (ulcers phlyctenulosis), sclera (scleritis). most uveal involvement form tubercles, tuberculomas, serpiginous-like choroiditis. Other orbital apex syndrome lesions associated with neurotuberculosis (disc edema sixth nerve palsies). diagnostic workup patients suspected both components. investigations (1) radiography: (a) chest X-rays computed tomography (b) abdominal CT scan ultrasonography; (2) Mantoux testing; (3) interferon-γ(gamma) release assays (IGRA). fluids biopsies microscopy, culture, PCR (polymerase chain reaction) techniques. treatment includes use topical, periocular, corticosteroids four-drug regimen antitubercular therapy.