Preclinical autophagy modulatory nanomedicines: big challenges, slow advances.

摘要: INTRODUCTION Autophagy is a critical housekeeping pathway to remove toxic protein aggregates, damaged organelles, providing cells with bioenergetic substrates needed survive under adverse conditions. Since altered autophagy associated diverse diseases, its pharmacological modulation considered of therapeutic interest. Nanomedicines may reduce the toxicity and improve activity modulatory drugs (amd). AREAS COVERED The status most relevant anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, anti-infectious treatments mediated by nanomedicines (amN) published in last 5 years discussed. EXPERT OPINION Antitumor anti-inflammatory be improved administering amN for selective, massive, targeted delivery amd diseased tissues. use as antimicrobial agent remains almost underexploited. Assessing effect on complex machinery operating different basal however, not trivial task. Besides structural reproducibility, must grant higher efficiency, lower effects than conventional medication. Simplicity design, carefully chosen (scalable) preparation techniques, rigorous monitoring preclinical efficacy nanotoxicity will chances clinical success. Currently, available data are sufficient envisage fast-succeeding translation. Application quality design criteria would help reach such milestones.