The Dynamics of Volitional Reliance

摘要: The idea of self-reliance can evoke quite disparate images in the minds people from different backgrounds and cultures. For some, implies competence, independence, resourcefulness, strength character. Self-reliant persons are those who “keep their chins up,” “pull themselves up by own bootstraps,” “stand on two feet.” This vision self-reliant person as stoic, self-empowered, purposive is prominent individualistic cultural ideologies; it associated with ideals self-efficacy, personal determination, progress (Bellah, Madsen, Sullivan, Swidler, & Tipton, 1985; May, 1991, Triandis, 1989). converse this idealized image a view non-self-reliance (dependence) weakness, immaturity, or incompetence.