Comparative toxic and sublethal effects of fluvalinate on two-spotted spider mite and European red mite

摘要: Four fluvalinate formulations differed in their residual toxicity to female two-spotted spider mite (TSM), Tetranychus urticae adults; the emulsifiable concentrate (EC) was most toxic. In contrast, there little difference between with European red (ERM) Panonychus ulmi exception of EC formulation which least Fluvalinate 2F caused minimal (<10%) TSM and ERM egg mortality. more toxic greater larval dispersal for compared at field concentration below. The protonymphs, deutonymphs adults low, approximately <20% concentration. Dispersal main response this positively correlated increasing combined mortality LC50 five times lower protonymphs adults, but 11 higher equivalent life stages. reduced development from protonymph deutonymph stages a extent ERM. unaffected by host type (peach or apple) whereas on apple peach. peach similar both types. Oviposition species than leaves. A 1 h exposure oviposition 12 days.