Population Genomics of the Wolbachia Endosymbiont in Drosophila melanogaster

摘要: Wolbachia are maternally inherited symbiotic bacteria, commonly found in arthropods, which able to manipulate the reproduction of their host order maximise transmission. The evolutionary history endosymbionts like can be revealed by integrating information on infection status natural populations with patterns sequence variation and mitochondrial genomes. Here we use whole-genome resequencing data from 290 lines Drosophila melanogaster North America, Europe, Africa predict status, estimate relative cytoplasmic genome copy number, reconstruct sequences. Overall, 63% strains were predicted infected our silico analysis pipeline, shows 99% concordance determined diagnostic PCR. Complete genomes show congruent phylogenies, consistent strict vertical transmission through maternal cytoplasm imperfect Wolbachia. Bayesian phylogenetic reveals that most recent common ancestor all D. dates around 8,000 years ago. We find evidence for a global replacement ancestral mtDNA lineages, but suggest derived wMel lineage arose several thousand ago, not 20th century as previously proposed. Our also provide this event is incomplete likely one similar events have occurred since out-of-Africa migration allowed colonize worldwide habitats. This study provides complete genomic mode temporal dynamics melanogaster–Wolbachia symbiosis, well important resources further analyses impact biology.