Microtubule-organizing center polarity and the immunological synapse: protein kinase C and beyond

摘要: Cytoskeletal polarization is crucial for many aspects of immune function, ranging from neutrophil migration to the sampling gut flora by intestinal dendritic cells. It also plays a key role during lymphocyte cell-cell interactions, most conspicuous which perhaps immunological synapse (IS) formed between T cell and an antigen-presenting (APC). IS formation associated with reorientation cell’s microtubule-organizing center (MTOC) position just beneath interface. This cytoskeletal remodeling event aligns secretory organelles inside IS, enabling directional release cytokines cytolytic factors toward APC. MTOC therefore maintaining specificity cytotoxic responses. has been known some time that receptor (TCR) stimulation activates response. difficult, however, identify machinery couples early TCR signaling remodeling. Over past few years, considerable progress made in this area. review will present overview recent advances, touching on both mechanisms drive effector responses require it. Particular attention be paid novel atypical members protein kinase C family, are now play important roles establishment maintenance polarized state.