The hydrological effect under human activities in the inland watersheds of Xinjiang, China

摘要: Natural environment, inland water distribution and circulation has been changed greatly affected by human activities in Xinjiang, China. Human developed quickly the watersheds Xinjiang after 1950. More than 50% of river is drawn into irrigation area, all parts little to canal or reservoirs. However, there evident hydrological effect caused activities. 1) arid land changed. A lot oasis table inside risen but declined out oasis. some cities because over pumping for groundwater. 2) Stream process drawing drainage irrigation. Runoff lower reaches generally decreased, rivers are even disappeared stream. 3) Large have divided several small watersheds. In tributaries, most area so that stream years. 4) Evaporation at increased from 50–200mm/a 800–1300mm/a reclamation. But it decreased 50mm/a less Some lakes reduced dried. Water-system with canals reservoirs appeared oases. 5) Water quality deteriorated accepts farmland factories. 6) Effective scale on expanded separate watersheds; surface groundwater; drought season flood season; single year Scale going larger larger. Along effective usage resources watershed will be mainly change to: pain canalized; controlled being; plain degenerate; salty river. conditions better using natural environment.