Recent developments in fixed-bed catalytic residue upgrading

摘要: Abstract Atmospheric or vacuum residue can be converted into valuable distillates in fixed-bed hydroprocessing units using high reaction temperature, hydrogen pressure and low contact time. This paper discusses some recent developments made to improve the desulfurization level, denitrogenation run length conversion level of units, both from process catalyst points view. These improvements include development a multiple swing-reactor system as well complex associations guard-bed materials catalysts with particle-size, activity, pore-size shape gradings. Synergy between operation other has been studied revealed that upgrading technologies will play key role future refinery schemes order establish new specifications on gasoline, diesel fuel.