Undiagnosed HIV prevalence among adults and adolescents in the United States at the end of 2006.
作者： Michael L Campsmith , Philip H Rhodes , H Irene Hall , Timothy A Green
DOI: 10.1097/QAI.0B013E3181BF1C45
关键词:
摘要: Objectives: To describe adults/adolescents (age 13 years and older) living with undiagnosed HIV infection in the United States at end of 2006. Methods: prevalence percentage were estimated from cumulative incidence using an extended back-calculation model (using both AIDS data, time first diagnosis HIV, disease severity diagnosis) deaths. Results: An 1,106,400 (95% confidence interval = 1,056,400-1,156,400) 2006; overall, 21.0% (232,700; 95% 221,200-244,200) undiagnosed. Whites had lowest (18.8%) compared Hispanics/Latinos (21.6%), blacks/African Americans (22.2%), American Indians/Alaska Natives (25.8%), Asians/Pacific Islanders (29.5%; all P < 0.001). Persons a behavioral risk injection drug use (IDU) (female IDU: 13.7% male 14.5%); men exposed through heterosexual contact highest (26.7%) followed by who have sex (23.5%). Conclusions: Differences evident across demographic behavior groups. Effective testing programs early access to treatment prevention services are necessary reduce infections prevalence.
cabdirect.org
sci-hub.se 参考文章(27)
G. B. Datu, H. Stone, S. Paul, S. Higginbotham, J. Beil, R. Holmes, S. Costa, Adoption of protective behaviors among persons with recent HIV infection and diagnosis - Alabama, New Jersey, and Tennessee, 1997-1998. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. ,vol. 49, pp. 512- 515 ,(2000)
Yu-Hsiang Hsieh, Richard E Rothman, David E Newman-Toker, Gabor D Kelen, None, National estimation of rates of HIV serology testing in US emergency departments 1993-2005: Baseline prior to the 2006 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommendations AIDS. ,vol. 22, pp. 2127- 2134 ,(2008) , 10.1097/QAD.0B013E328310E066
Scott E. Kellerman, Amy Drake, Amy Lansky, R. Monina Klevens, Use of and exposure to HIV prevention programs and services by persons at high risk for HIV. Aids Patient Care and Stds. ,vol. 20, pp. 391- 398 ,(2006) , 10.1089/APC.2006.20.391
Stephen F. Morin, T. Anne Richards, James G. Kahn, Herminia Palacio, Effect of race and/or ethnicity in use of antiretrovirals and prophylaxis for opportunistic infection: a review of the literature. Public Health Reports. ,vol. 117, pp. 233- 251 ,(2002) , 10.1093/PHR/117.3.233
Timothy A. Green, Using surveillance data to monitor trends in the AIDS epidemic. Statistics in Medicine. ,vol. 17, pp. 143- 154 ,(1998) , 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0258(19980130)17:2<143::AID-SIM757>3.0.CO;2-Y
Gary Marks, Nicole Crepaz, Robert S Janssen, Estimating sexual transmission of HIV from persons aware and unaware that they are infected with the virus in the USA. AIDS. ,vol. 20, pp. 1447- 1450 ,(2006) , 10.1097/01.AIDS.0000233579.79714.8D
L S Weinhardt, M P Carey, B T Johnson, N L Bickham, Effects of HIV counseling and testing on sexual risk behavior: a meta-analytic review of published research, 1985-1997 American Journal of Public Health. ,vol. 89, pp. 1397- 1405 ,(1999) , 10.2105/AJPH.89.9.1397
Dan H. Barouch, Challenges in the development of an HIV-1 vaccine Nature. ,vol. 455, pp. 613- 619 ,(2008) , 10.1038/NATURE07352
Gary Marks, Nicole Crepaz, J Walton Senterfitt, Robert S Janssen, Meta-analysis of high-risk sexual behavior in persons aware and unaware they are infected with HIV in the United States: implications for HIV prevention programs. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes. ,vol. 39, pp. 446- 453 ,(2005) , 10.1097/01.QAI.0000151079.33935.79
CASCADE Collaboration Krishnan Bhaskaran, Osamah Hamouda, Mette Sannes, Faroudy Boufassa, Anne M Johnson, Paul C Lambert, Kholoud Porter, None, Changes in the risk of death after HIV seroconversion compared with mortality in the general population. JAMA. ,vol. 300, pp. 51- 59 ,(2008) , 10.1001/JAMA.300.1.51