Looking Back at Fifty Years of the Clean Air Act

摘要: Since 1970, transportation, power generation, and manufacturing have dramatically transformed as air pollutant emissions fallen significantly. To evaluate the causal impacts of Clean Air Act on these changes, we synthesize review retrospective analyses quality regulations. The geographic heterogeneity in regulatory stringency common to many regulations has important implications for emissions, public health, compliance costs, employment. Cap-and-trade programs delivered greater emission reductions at lower cost than conventional mandates, but policy practice short cost-effective ideal. Implementing imperfectly competitive markets also influenced Act’s benefits costs.