Monitoring Neural Activity with Genetically Encoded Ca2+ Indicators

摘要: Visualizing the activity of nerve cells using genetically encoded indicator proteins has emerged to a widely used technique in field neuroscience. In particular, intracellular Ca2+ dynamics represents parameter that is closely correlated with neuronal excitation, and variety sensors have been developed. The fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster an extremely useful model organism use these indicators because its sophisticated genetic tools express artificial construct spatially temporally controlled pattern within nervous system. Binary expression systems, for which large amount different strains exist, enable targeted selective populations. Advanced fluorescence microscopical visualization techniques (see Part 3) allow real-time monitoring neural patterns. Drosophila, optical imaging analyze basic principles coding processing, e.g., olfactory coding, visual stimulus taste perception, mechanosensation, or learning memory. this chapter, we will review how targeting methods can be monitor vivo order study individual neurons ensembles encode information.