New insight into the oncogenic mechanism of the retroviral oncoprotein Tax

摘要: Human T cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1), an etiological factor that causes adult and lymphoma (ATL), infects over 20 million people worldwide. About of HTLV-1-infected patients develop ATL, a highly aggressive non-Hodgkin’s without effective therapy. The pX region the HTLV-1 viral genome encodes oncogenic protein, Tax, which plays central role in transforming CD4+ lymphocytes by deregulating signaling pathways promoting cycle progression. Expression Tax following entry is critical for survival proliferation human cells required initiation oncogenesis. exhibits diverse functions host cells, this oncoprotein primarily targets IκB kinase complex cytoplasm, resulting persistent activation NF-κB upregulation its responsive gene expressions are crucial We here review recent advances pathological roles modulating activity. also discuss our observation connects to autophagy pathways. Understanding Tax-mediated pathogenesis will provide insights into development new therapeutics controlling HTLV-1-associated diseases.