Mechanism of chromosomal integration of microinjected DNA.

摘要: Most transgenic animals have been produced by directly injecting DNA into one of the embryo pronuclei in period immediately following fertilization. Transgenic are when becomes integrated chromosomes, most cases genotype is transmitted to progeny through germ line. The characteristics foreign include tandem arrangement multiple copies input DNA, predominantly direct rather than inverted orientation, and illegitimate recombination with chromosome at site integration. Foreign chromosomes cultured cells has identical characteristics. We argue that these other similarities between integration microinjected embryos on hand transfected cells, strongly suggest processes same basis. By considering mainly literature relating cell transfection microinjection, we conclude tandemly arranged concatemers built up a process homologous but non-conservative recombination. End-joining events characterize chromosome, also contribute formation concatemers. superficially different based opportunistic repair-ligation mechanism; frequencies types event reflect both which sorts association occur molecules their relative stability.