The Role of Bone Quality on Bone Loss and Bone Fragility

摘要: Normal bone mass in humans, after growth has ceased, is maintained by the balance between formation osteoblasts and resorption osteoclasts. With age, starting around third decade of life, peak been reached there a slow steady loss bone. A similar age related occurs all mammalian species. Osteoporosis multifactorial, age-related metabolic disease characterized low mineral density deterioration microarchitecture cancellous The resulting changes material properties lead to enhanced fragility consequent increase risk fracture (Wasnich, 1996). There are two types osteoporosis, each with their own characteristics. Type I also called post-menopausal an turnover accelerated leading vertebral fracture. It affects mainly women. II older women men not accompanied increased turnover, but leads hip greater mortality morbidity than type osteoporosis. factors for osteoporosis gender, genetic, environmental (nutrition, physical activity, medication, smoking, etc.), hormonal deficiency, reproductive history, chronic diseases, characteristics While complex that fracture, no way measure strength humans predict risk. Bone (BMD) as measured dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) become main assess even if it only surrogate strength. diagnosed (by WHO criteria) when value BMD 2.5 standard deviations or more below mean young adult reference range (Kanis, 1994).