Benchmarking national biotechnology policy across Europe: a systems approach using quantitative and qualitative indicators

摘要: Expectations that biotechnology will become a major contributor to economic growth and impact on quality of life explain its high priority the political agenda EU Member States. Theoretical advances in understanding innovation processes instruments for policy have created an increasing demand empirical tools develop from systems perspective. This paper aims provide policy-makers with assist policy-making. Key aspects considered are: systemic nature process biotechnology; different areas involved promotion; time lag between action potential outcomes. The benchmarking approach combines quantitative qualitative indicators order assess activity relevant achievement goals. Copyright , Beech Tree Publishing.