Developmental history of the subplate zone, subplate neurons and interstitial white matter neurons: relevance for schizophrenia

摘要: The subplate zone is a transient cytoarchitectonic compartment of the fetal telencephalic wall and contains population neurons which are main neocortex play key role in normal development cerebral cortical structure connectivity. While disappears during perinatal early postnatal period, numerous survive remain embedded superficial (gyral) white matter adolescent adult brain as so-called interstitial neurons. In both brain, subplate/interstitial belong to two major classes cells: (a) projection (glutamatergic) (b) local circuit (GABAergic) interneurons. As strategically positioned at cortical/white interface through various afferent systems enter deep layers, they probably serve auxiliary interneurons involved differential "gating" input systems. It widely accepted that prenatal lesions alter number surviving (i.e., neurons) and/or nature their involvement circuitry represent an important causal factor pathogenesis least some types schizophrenia--e.g., subgroup patients with cognitive impairment deficits frontal lobe functions. abnormal functioning schizophrenia becomes manifest adolescence, when there increased demand for proper prefrontal cortex. this review, we describe developmental history zone, neurons, well presumed consequences GABAergic We propose leads inhibition This inhibitory action facilitated by strategic position where limbic modulatory pathways Thus, enlarged (even if minor fraction total neuron number, cortex itself) may inputs (as other subcortical inputs) cause functional disconnectivity between brain. conclusion, modulators functions schizophrenic