The growing strategic importance of end-of-life product management

摘要: Requiring manufacturers to manage their products when they become waste is an innovative form of regulation, one that has been adopted by countries in Asia, Europe, and North America on a variety range from vehicles appliances batteries. However, even many unregulated industries, some are voluntarily assuming more responsibility for end-of-life products, driven customer demand cost efficiencies. This article explores various forms take-back regulation highlights the key features institutions emerge response. In addition, it presents seven strategic product recovery alternatives, followed discussion factors managers should consider developing strategy.