Nouvelle méthode d'évaluation des scénarios de fin de vie pour des produits en phase de conception préliminaire.

作者: Marie Remery

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摘要: RESUME Suite a la croissance de societe consommation, l’impact environnemental cause par les produits toujours en plus grand nombre devient un probleme que l’on ne peut negliger. Dans ce contexte, toutes les etapes du cycle vie des produits meritent une attention particuliere. Cependant, l’etape devenant cruciale est fin vie. Les decharges sont surchargees et provoquent rejets nocifs dans le sol l’eau. dechets incineres sans controle liberent gaz dangereux l’atmosphere. De plus, envoyer decharge des produits usages contenant materiaux qui pourraient etre reutilises entraine gaspillage important matiere premiere. En reponse ce phenomene, reglementations sont apparues, imposant regles strictes quant recuperation au traitement usages. Pour y faire face tout restant competitives sur marche, meilleure solution pour entreprises est d’avoir reaction preventive modifier leurs agissant source meme leur existence, c’est-a-dire phase conception. optimisant parametres conception vue de vie, il possible d’avantager scenarios respectueux lois de l’environnement realisant benefice important. cela, faut choisir la plus adaptee preliminaire avant fixer precis de conception, ayant assez d’informations faire choix pertinent. Le complexe, qui necessite prise compte plusieurs aspects fois : lois, couts, revenus, environnement, etc. Le concepteur donc besoin d’un outil l’aider evaluer alternatives. Cependant, les outils existants pas applicables preliminaire, ils requierent expertise que possede pas; aussi ces methodes donnent qu’un global vie pour produit alors divers sous-assemblages differente. La methode ELSEM (End-of-Life Scenario Evaluation Method) ete creee avec l’objectif de combler faiblesses decelees autres d’evaluation vie. En etant rapide simple d’utilisation, utilisable pertinente, flexible precise, elle devrait mener creation manufactures dont conception est leur permettrait faible impacts environnementaux.----------ABSTRACT Following the growth of consumer society, environmental impact provoked by the increasing number manufactured products is becoming problem we can no longer ignore. In this context, all products’ life stages must be given special attention. However, stage which more and crucial end-of-life stage. Landfills are saturated which leads to rejection harmful substances in soil water. Uncontrolled incinerated wastes release dangerous gases into atmosphere. In addition, disposing used which may contain valuable materials produces significant waste raw materials. response this phenomenon, regulations have been created. They impose strict rules regarding recovery and processing products. order respect these while remaining competitive market, companies adopt behavior modify their products acting at commencement process cycle, that say, during design phase. By optimizing design parameters for end-of-life, it’s choose environmental-friendly laws as well allow making a substantial profit. To achieve this goal, most suitable scenario chosen during preliminary stage: before setting final but having enough information make an appropriate choice. End-of-life selection early stage complex issue requires taking into account many such as: laws, costs, income, environment, etc. Therefore, designers may need tool help them evaluate existing tools not applicable during or require expertise designer may have. Other give a unique option entire product whereas time, various subassemblies different options. The method Scenario Assessment was created overcome weaknesses belonging other end-oflife assessment methods. quick, flexible and way. It gives relevant precise results leads manufactured products adapted their end-of-life. As consequence, it allows the selection with lower impacts.

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