Current understanding of chronic total occlusion of the internal carotid artery (Review)

摘要: At present, there is limited understanding of chronic total occlusion (CTO) the internal carotid artery (ICA). Therefore, present report collected related cases from PubMed and reviewed literature. Cerebral vessels may form collateral circulation immediately or gradually following CTO ICA. The natural history ICA includes a variety outcomes, all which are biased toward non-benign progressive process characterized by insufficient cerebral perfusion, embolus detachment cognitive dysfunction. majority require treatment. In early studies, results external-ICA bypass were unsatisfactory, while recanalization now considered only viable option. current treatment indications mainly depend on degree injury to cerebrovascular reserve extent oxygen extraction fraction increased. length, height duration also relevant, though more frequently, condition depends multiple factors. Endovascular interventional recanalization, endarterectomy (CEA) hybrid surgery be conducted in select group patients. As novel materials developed, success rate simple increase; however, representative trend, as advanced CEA can remove atherosclerosis plaques, thus reducing technological demands subsequent recanalization. There many complications that result ICA, including hyperperfusion technical errors; therefore, operation must carefully. If successful, it typically stable improvement patient long term. However, despite these conclusions, studies required future further improve