Passive sampling methods for contaminated sediments: Risk assessment and management

摘要: This paper details how activity-based passive sampling methods (PSMs), which provide information on bioavailability in terms of freely dissolved contaminant concentrations (Cfree), can be used to better inform risk management decision making at multiple points the process assessing and managing contaminated sediment sites. PSMs increase certainty site investigation management, because Cfree is a predictor than total bulk concentration (Ctotal) for 4 key endpoints included conceptual models (benthic organism toxicity, bioaccumulation, flux, water column exposures). The use devices (PSDs) presents challenges with respect representative estimating average other metrics relevant exposure assessment. These addressed by designing studies that account sources variation associated considering appropriate spatial scales meet study objectives. Possible applications include: quantifying temporal trends bioavailable contaminants, identifying evaluating source contributions, calibrating site-specific models, and, improving weight-of-evidence based frameworks. PSM data assist delineating zones likelihood effects, monitor remedy effectiveness, evaluate reduction after treatment, disposal, or beneficial reuse actions. Examples are provided illustrating why (Cfree) should incorporated into investigations designs focus understand bioavailability, more accurately estimate sediment-associated decisions. Research communication needs encouraging broader discussed. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2014;10:224–236. © 2014 Authors. Integrated Environmental Assessment Management published Wiley Periodicals, Inc. behalf SETAC.