Transesophageal Echocardiography in the Evaluation of Mitral Regurgitation

摘要: Many echocardiographic signs of severe MR are clearly demonstrated, particularly when both TEE and TTE used. When these assiduously sought, the recognition should pose little problem. Part confusion concerning grading its severity comes from fact that hemodynamic consequences a given degree vary widely one individual to another. A regurgitant volume 50 mL might prove incapacitating patient while seeming inconsequential in second patient. fraction 50% is poorly tolerated some patients asymptomatic others. Similarly, orifice 0.5 cm2 has unpredictable organism, and, fact, this may considerably size depending on conditions. Thus, universal definition lacking, there no agreement units with which quantitate it. The net effect not an inability recognize but frustration differentiating moderate MR. We believe precise quantitation will occur comprehensive pharmacologic interventions either or surface monitoring performed define by range responses agents. have had success Doppler measurement response pulmonary artery pressure dynamic exercise. Patients normal at rest tend show exaggerated rises clinically important resulted left ventricular dysfunction. Anticipated progress notwithstanding, competently method choice for recognizing