Hazard identification of exhausts from gasoline-ethanol fuel blends using a multi-cellular human lung model

摘要: Abstract Ethanol can be produced from biomass and as such is renewable, unlike petroleum-based fuel. Almost all gasoline cars drive with fuel containing 10% ethanol (E10), flex-fuel even use 85% (E85). Brazil the USA already include 10–27% in their standard by law. Most health effect studies on car emissions are however performed diesel exhausts, only few data exists for other fuels. In this work we investigated possible toxic effects of exhaust aerosols ethanol-gasoline blends using a multi-cellular model human lung. A passenger was driven chassis dynamometer fueled E10, E85, or pure (E0). Exhausts obtained steady state cycle were directly applied 6 h at dilution 1:10 onto lung mimicking bronchial compartment composed cells (16HBE14o-), supplemented monocyte-derived dendritic macrophages, cultured air-liquid interface. Biological endpoints assessed after post incubation included cytotoxicity, pro-inflammation, oxidative stress, DNA damage. Filtered air to control parallel different exhausts; comparison an exposure also study. No differences measured volatile compounds, i.e. CO, NOx, T.HC exhausts. Average particle number 6×102 #/cm3 (E0), 1×105 3×103 (E85), 2.8×106 (diesel). conditions no cytotoxicity morphological changes observed cell cultures, addition stress - analyzed glutathione assay measured. Gene expression analysis shows induction any tested genes, including mRNA levels genes related well indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO-1), transcription factor NFE2-related 2 (NFE2L2), NAD(P)H dehydrogenase [quinone] (NQO1). Finally, damage OxyDNA assay. On hand, death, increase pro-inflammatory cytokines exposed exhaust, confirming results applicability our system. conclusion, exhausts vehicle did not induce adverse responses acute exposure. So far promptly used, though further studies, e.g. chronic vivo needed.