The conceptualization and measurement of cognitive reserve using common proxy indicators: Testing some tenable reflective and formative models.

摘要: ABSTRACTIntroduction: The examination of cognitive reserve (CR) literature reveals a lack consensus regarding conceptualization and pervasive problems with its measurement. This study aimed at examining the conceptual nature CR through analysis reflective formative models using eight proxies commonly employed in literature. We hypothesized that all would significantly contribute to one-factor model educational occupational attainment produce strongest loadings on single factor. Method: sample consisted 149 participants (82 male/67 female), 18.1 average years education ages 45–99 years. Participants were assessed for (parent socioeconomic status, intellectual functioning, level education, health literacy, prestige, life leisure activities, physical spiritual religious activities). Primary statistical analyses confirmatory factor (CFA...