Differentiation, Characterization and Applications of Human Embryonic Stem Cell –Derived Cardiomyocytes

摘要: The term “embryonic stem (ES) cell” was introduced in 1981 to distinguish embryo-derived pluripotent cells from teratocarcinoma-derived embryonal carcinoma (EC) (Martin 1981). First ES were derived mouse intracellular mass (ICM) the same year (Evans and Kaufman 1981) 1994 Bongso co-workers reported successful isolation of human ICM their continued culture for at least two passages vitro (Bongso, Fong et al. 1994). first permanent embryonic cell (hESC) lines more than a decade ago by Thomson (Thomson, ItskovitzEldor 1998) these are still widely used. hESCs capable proliferating extensively undifferentiated state have ablity differentiate towards all three germ layers furthermore can, principle, give rise types body. Adult cardiomyocytes limited capability regenerate heart tissue cannot undergo extensive repair needed example after myocardial infarction. Therefore, rapid development technology has raised hopes new treatments damage cardiac other tissues with regenerative capacity. Human ability into functional multiple differentiation methods. Traditionally hESCderived (hESC-CM) differentiated spontaneously embryoid bodies (EB) or co-culture endodermal like (END-2) (Kehat, KenyaginKarsenti 2001; Mummery, Ward-van Oostwaard 2003). In addition, defined methods using growth factors been developed (Laflamme, Chen 2007; Yang, Soonpaa 2008). However, is quite uncontrolled inefficient even though published, spontaneous EBs END-2 used as they rather inexpensive functioning most hESC lines. At end 2009, total number worldwide estimated be 1071 (Loser, Schirm 2010). Even increased steadily, lines, H1 H9 (WiCell Research Institute), ones research (Guhr, Kurtz 2006; Scott, McCormick 2009; Loser,