Risk assessment of groundwater pollution with a new methodological framework: application of Dempster–Shafer theory and GIS

摘要: Managing natural groundwater resources is challenged by nitrate pollution resulting from agricultural activities. This issue emerging as an important environmental concern that needs to be addressed through effective management. Groundwater assessment aspect of management, particularly in arid and semi-arid regions. study focused on the Kerman Plain, which exposed intensive activities land exploitation result intense pollution. The effects may controlled applying specific measures. Dempster–Shafer theory (DST) was applied this develop a new methodology for assessing risk. Applying pioneering approach risk novel component research. provides major advantage dealing with varying levels precision related information. spatial association between DRASTIC parameters including D (depth water), R (net recharge), A (aquifer media), S (soil T (topography), I (impact vadose zone) C (hydraulic conductivity) underground occurrence evaluated bivariate DST assign mass functions. Dempster’s rule combination using GIS then determine series combined functions multiple hydrogeological data layers. uncertainty system responses directly proposed methodology. Finally, modified map highest validity accuracy selected damage map. comparison distribution vulnerability maps exhibit high similarity different degrees concentrations. Long-term planning preventive measures associated developments can aided regions low very risks located northeast, northwest, central