Recent developments in the first detection of hepatocellular carcinoma.

摘要: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) ranks fifth in frequency of cancers worldwide. The main aetiological factor is hepatitis B virus (HBV) although the importance C (HCV) growing. most important tumour marker for HCC alpha-fetoprotein (AFP). common method screening high risk patients by AFP and ultrasonography has been shown to result earlier detection consequently more easily treatable tumours longer survival. Proposed interval varies from once every 3 months annually “as indicated’ but, commonly, 6 months. AFP a fairly specific but insensitive HCC. Sensitivity blood markers improved combining various other with AFP. Of markers, newer sensitivity des-gamma-carboxy-prothrombin (DCP) found be useful. In addition fractions L3, P4/5 +II band are highly HCC. Among routinely assayed laboratory, CA 125 sensitive than far less specific. Various enzymes, isoenzymes, growth factors, adhesion molecules, proteins such as interleukin-2 receptor (IL-2R), human cervical cancer oncogene protein (HCCR) glypican-3 (GPC3), p15 p16 hypermethylation nitrite/nitrate ratio have tested; some these show promise none presently routine use. The value HBx that produced HBV, what thought signatures identified proteomics remain determined.