Oak regeneration using the shelterwood-burn technique: management options and implications for songbird conservation in the southeastern United States

摘要: Shelterwood silviculture is commonly used to regenerate oaks in upland stands. However, competition from other species such as tulip-poplar (Liriodendron tulipifera) may deter oak regeneration when these traditional shelterwood techniques are used. The shelterwood-burn technique a relatively new tool for regenerating oak-dominated stands on some sites while simultaneously minimizing undesirable hardwood intrusion with prescribed fire. Once successful has been achieved, three options available which will result different vegetative structure and composition within stand subsequently habitats songbirds. These are: complete or partial canopy retention, post-harvest burning removal. Canopy removal treatments create, respectively, two-age that likely harbor diverse mixture of mature forest early successional species; park-like woodlands open woodland early-successional shrubland species. We suggest systems the management associated them offer viable alternatives managing both songbird timber resources where desired goal southeastern sites.