The pathophysiological effects of gastrointestinal and liver parasites in sheep.

摘要: Sheep at pasture are invariably infected with worms. In many countries, particularly in the tropics and subtropics where conditions often more favourable for development survival of infective stages, these parasites recognized as a major cause death. Even significant on global basis losses resulting from inferior weight gains, slower wool growth, condemnation carcasses organs, well cost drugs veterinary care. The economic impact effects is impossible to quantify, but Europe alone strategic control measures incorporated into farm management systems, damage over hundred million pounds annually66. Parasites therefore pose serious problems livestock industry, such worthy detailed attention required explain how they disease. Historically, solution has been sought through studies pathological lesions, clinical and/or blood composition changes accompanying infection. This approach contributed substantially our knowledge caused by hopefully will continue form essential base which underlying functional disorders may be investigated. However, it should not, all too common past, defining mechanisms only possible examining host function or dysfunction direct quantitative terms organ cell level. present review an attempt describe ovine parasitism within this framework.