Not just a sandy beach. The multi-service value of Mediterranean coastal dunes

摘要: Abstract Coastal sand dunes are complex transitional systems hosting high levels of biodiversity and providing important benefits to society. In this paper we aimed evaluate the multi-service nature ecosystem services (ES) supply in Italian Adriatic coast within Natura 2000 (N2K) sites. We i) identified ES indicators assessed capacity (Climate regulation, Protection from wind aerosol, Erosion Recreation Tourism Existence value biodiversity) natural dune ecosystems European conservation concern; ii) upscaled data create an inventory for all N2K sites study area; iii) explored trade-offs among ES; iv) summarized spatially compared overall The provides a method quantifying role supplying our found that coastal is uneven administrative regions. This variability related both ecological (e.g. distribution, integrity, extent status habitats) local implementation Habitats Directive) characteristics analysed area. not coupled as several with values one show very low others. results suggest actions should favour restoration zonation, since underpins supply. approach can distinguish regions where paucity protected areas represents gap supply, fact offers incentive enhance protection strategy but also suggests urgent need improve network by enlarging existent including new ones.