Chemical scent constituents in urine of wolf (Canis lupus) and their dependence on reproductive hormones.

摘要: The volatile components of castrated male and ovariectomized female wolf urine were investigated correlated with the administration testosterone or estradiol progesterone. results indicate that induces in formation some compounds typically associated intact male, while reducing levels female. production “male” was also induced female, although at lower levels. Changes hormone during treatment females are reflected composition urinary volatiles. Consequently, many these could be used to communicate gender as well reproductive status.