The Evolving Neural and Genetic Architecture of Vertebrate Olfaction

摘要: Evolution sculpts the olfactory nervous system in response to unique sensory challenges facing each species. In vertebrates, dramatic and diverse adaptations chemical environment are possible because of hierarchical structure receptor (OR) gene superfamily: expansion or contraction OR subfamilies accompanies major changes habitat lifestyle; independent selection on can permit local adaptation conserved communication; genetic variation single genes alter odor percepts behaviors driven by precise cues. However, this flexibility contrasts with relatively fixed neural architecture vertebrate system, which requires that new receptors integrate into segregated functionally distinct pathways. This organization allows evolution couple critical signals selectively advantageous responses, but also constrains relationships between behavior. The coevolution repertoire therefore reveals general principles how brain solves specific problems it adapts ones.