Counseling Parents of Children with Disabilities: A Review of the Literature and Implications for Practice

作者: Mary Ellen Ziolko

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摘要: Approximately 30% to 40% of children born this year will suffer from a significant long-term disorder some time during their first eighteen years life (Whaley & Wong, 1982). Although many families with disabled manage lives as effectively other families, such may require counseling or therapy facilitate the integration child into family (Harris Fong, 1985). Current studies have demonstrated that there are parental needs at presentation diagnosis not being met and parent contact helping professionals must end following diagnostic period (Fischler Fleshman, 1985; Martin, George, O'Neal, Daly, 1987; Murdoch, 1984). One reason why intervention disability is so important child's adjustment rehabilitative progress affected by family's strengths, weaknesses, emotional reactions (Power Dell Orto, 1980). This article addresses learning disabling conditions in implications for counseling. Family Reactions Child Disability Parents' after be better understood regarding usual thoughts expectancies most parents while preparing parenthood. The typical parent, looking ahead birth child, fantasizes about forms images expected infant (Huber, 1979). image way would like reflects parents' perceptions themselves. expectations include achievements success societal role profession proficiency activity. These reflected stereotypes father who buys baseball catcher's mitt his newborn son. When informed has disability, loss fantasized discrepancy between these reality precipitate crisis reaction typified feelings grief 1979; Styles, 1986). reactivated later transitions (Konanc Warren, Sometimes an apparent congenital anomaly presented problem early life. In cases, psychological attachment was idealized pregnancy accept imperfection characteristics defects violate what baby should among common triggers disturbed parent-infant relationships (Bassoff, Often, however, discovered until older. Most aware something matter before they receive diagnosis, but "have focused on rather circumscribed aspect development" (Robinson Robinson, 1965, p. 416). If mental retardation, suspect deafness worry behavioral problems clumsiness, example. At least one usually admit serious concern behavior, often deny saying outgrow it 1965). There frequently practical management (Naidoo, Seven factors considered weighing burden are: (a) sleep disturbances might cause parents; (b) physical burdens related dressing, lifting, feeding, illness create (c) complicated diets which extra time; (d) housecleaning necessary; (e) financial stress strain; (f) adaptations needed housing furnishings; (g) unpredictability disease (Travis, …

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