Regulation of growth arrest in senescence: Telomere damage is not the end of the story

摘要: Abstract After a limited number of divisions, most eukaryotic cells grown in culture will undergo terminal growth arrest called cellular senescence. This is thought to be consequence progressive telomere shortening that occurs due incomplete DNA replication the chromosome ends. In addition, senescence can also induced by environmental stresses and signaling imbalances which are independent shortening. The cyclin dependent kinase inhibitors p21 p16 INK4a have been shown execute maintain cell cycle but nature signals cause upregulation these senescent only now starting discovered. Here we review current literature leads us propose model how activate distinct pathways regulate levels cells.