Photodynamic Diagnosis in Non-Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer

摘要: Abstract Objective This paper reviews the development and clinical validation of photodynamic diagnosis (PDD) bladder cancer. Methods The authors reviewed literature on PDD, in particular evidence for efficacy hexaminolevulinate PDD Results After initial work ultraviolet cystoscopy following oral tetracycline, focus research shifted to use synthetic porphyrins. First, prodrug delta-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) was shown cause a transient but significant accumulation protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) malignant or premalignant tissue. Excitation by blue light leads PpIX fluorescence (red), which distinguishes tumour from normal tissue (blue). Hexaminolevulinate (HAL, Hexvix), an ester ALA, then developed has greater bioavailability stability than parent compound. It been approved Clinical studies have that HAL detects tumours, including carcinoma situ (CIS) , are missed conventional white-light cystoscopy. Conclusions is valuable aid detection CIS.