Divergent responses of sympatric species to livestock encroachment at fine spatiotemporal scales

摘要: Abstract Livestock are a major human-induced threat to wildlife worldwide, especially in forest landscapes where livestock degrade the food and habitat of forest-dwelling wildlife. However, few empirical studies on this topic have been conducted at fine spatiotemporal scales that crucial for wildlife-livestock interactions, particular those involving multiple sympatric species under policy changes. Here, we demonstrate interactions through examining several sympatric, threatened with Wolong Nature Reserve, China, using data collected from infrared camera traps, DNA analysis panda fecal samples distribution predictive modeling along predictors. Camera trapping revealed an increase after government implemented incentive encourage production midway study. Three (giant panda, red golden snub-nosed monkey) were displaced as more encroached habitat. In contrast, detection rate sambar deer was not affected by encroachment, but shifted timing visiting water sources (streams) dusk (when disturbance other human activities lower). The number giant pandas detected via testing feces relatively stable, showed occurred across wider area disturbance. Our research shows increased livestock, different may respond ways, which is likely associated their biological traits (e.g., life history strategy diet). study underscores need careful making planning.