Urinary bladder function and acquisition of bladder control in healthy children

摘要: The overall aim was to advance the knowledge of urinary bladder function and acquisition control in healthy children. participants papers I, II III were from same population (n=59). In paper I (n=22) parents children who had been dry for at least 6 months. voiding pattern observed through 4-hour observation method thereafter uroflow measurements post-void residual urine (Papers II). Using a questionnaire, parents’ perceptions occurrence life events, how upsetting they child degree adaptation needed studied (Paper III). order share experiences their became dry, interviewed IV). voided 5 times/4hours 3 months age 2 years. Signs arousal during sleep noted infants (76% 90%) ages respectively. storing ability increased 67 ml 123 Interrupted voidings seen decreasing numbers: 33% 3% years age. decreased 0 Awareness process reported 1.5 dysfunction occasionally 30-50% achieved day dryness median 3.5 night 4 experienced an average events. Half these events related childcare, 24% illness/accident/death, 16% family composition 9% living conditions. as negatively 30% cases. Adaptation difficult 15%. Many difficulties adapting event associated with later dryness. divided into four categories: “The time come” including making decision having time, “New daily routines” creating positive atmosphere testing different activities, child’s willingness” cognitive skills personality traits, “Being like others” unspoken rules comparing others fit not deviate. Healthy do void constant volumes empty bladders completely each but once every hours. number interrupted fact that most performed while awake may indicate is part maturation process. Children become today. more adaptation, will dry. responsible initiating consuming. compared tried within norms limits about when it longer acceptable wear diapers. missed support guidance help findings this thesis can be used reference values both dysfunction.