摘要: 1. Introduction.- 2. Tree Form and Stem Taper.- 3. Tree-stem Volume Equations.- 4. Weight Biomass Estimation.- 5. Quantifying Crowns.- 6. Growth Functions.- 7. Evaluating Site Quality.- 8. Stand Density.- 9. Indices of Individual-tree Competition.- 10. Modeling Forest Development.- 11. Whole-stand Models for Even-aged Stands.- 12. Diameter-distribution 13. Size-class 14. 15. Yield Uneven-aged 16. Response to Silvicultural Treatments.- 17. Wood Characteristics.- 18. Model Implementation Evaluation.-