Environmental control of biological rhythms: effects on development, fertility and metabolism.

摘要: Internal temporal organisation properly synchronised to the environment is crucial for health maintenance. This provided at cellular level by molecular clock, a macromolecular transcription-based oscillator formed clock and clock-controlled genes that present in both central peripheral tissues. In mammals, melanopsin light-sensitive retinal ganglion cells plays considerable role synchronisation of circadian timing system daily light/dark cycle. Melatonin, hormone synthesised pineal gland exclusively night an output has fundamental regulating/timing several physiological functions, including glucose homeostasis, insulin secretion energy metabolism. As such, metabolism severely impaired after reduction melatonin production. Furthermore, light pollution during shift work schedules can abrogate synthesis impair homeostasis. Chronodisruption pregnancy deleterious effects on progeny, metabolic, cardiovascular cognitive dysfunction. Developmental programming steroids or steroid-mimetic compounds also produces internal disorganisation may be significant factor aetiology fertility disorders such as polycystic ovary syndrome. Thus, early late life, pernicious alterations endogenous order environmental factors disrupt homeostatic function system, leading pathophysiology and/or disease.