Unsolved problems and future perspectives of hepatitis B virus vaccination

摘要: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is still a serious worldwide problem, and vaccination the most effective strategy for primary prevention of infection. Although universal may be required total eradication, several countries, including Japan, have not yet adopted programs. Some individuals are non-responders to HBV vaccine mechanisms responsible their poor response been proposed. To overcome non-response, third generation vaccines with pre-S proteins developed. These shown better anti-HBs responses also in preventing by S mutant. Improvement efficacy intradermal administration, or co-administration cytokines adjuvants, non-responders. The necessity, timing method booster responders decreased responses, against S-mutant HBV, issues requiring resolution global