Air Pollution and the Dynamic Association Between Depressive Symptoms and Memory in Oldest-Old Women

摘要: Background/objectives Exposure to air pollution may contribute both increasing depressive symptoms and decreasing episodic memory in older adulthood, but few studies have examined this hypothesis a longitudinal context. Accordingly, we the association between changes (DS) (EM) their interrelationship oldest-old (aged 80 older) women. Design Prospective cohort data from Women's Health Initiative Memory Study-Epidemiology of Cognitive Outcomes. Setting Geographically diverse community-dwelling population. Participants A total 1,583 dementia-free women aged older. Measurements Women completed up six annual assessments (latent composite East Boston Test Telephone Interview for Status) 15-item Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-15). We estimated 3-year average exposures regional particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter below 2.5 μm (PM2.5 ) (interquartile range [IQR] = 3.35 μg/m3 gaseous nitrogen dioxide (NO2 (IQR 9.55 ppb) at baseline during remote period 10 years earlier, using regionalized national universal kriging. Results Latent change structural equation models whether residing areas higher pollutant levels was associated standardized EM DS while adjusting potential confounders. Remote NO2 (β .287 per IQR; P .002) PM2.5 .170 .019) exposure significantly larger increases DS, although magnitude difference, less than 1 point on GDS-15, is questionable clinical significance. Higher were accelerated declines -.372; .001), significant indirect effect mediated by DS. There no other effects. Conclusion These findings adverse effects late-life subsequent interplay EM, highlighting as an environmental health risk factor