In situ groundwater and sediment bioremediation: barriers and perspectives at European contaminated sites

摘要: This paper contains a critical examination of the current application environmental biotechnologies in field bioremediation contaminated groundwater and sediments. Based on analysis conventional technologies applied several European Countries US, scientific, technical administrative barriers constraints which still need to be overcome for an improved exploitation are discussed. From this general survey, it is evident that situ highly promising cost-effective technology remediation soil, The wide metabolic diversity microorganisms makes applicable ever-increasing number contaminants contamination scenarios. On other hand, knowledge-intensive its requires thorough understanding geochemistry, hydrogeology, microbiology ecology soils, sediments, under both natural engineered conditions. Hence, potential remains partially unexploited, largely because lack consensus public concerns regarding effectiveness control, poor reliability, possible occurrence side effects, example accumulation toxic metabolites pathogens. Basic, pre-normative research all needed these make more reliable, robust acceptable public, as well economically competitive. Research efforts should not restricted deeper relevant microbial reactions, but also include their interactions with large array phenomena, function truly variable site-specific There further development advanced biomolecular tools site investigation, kinetic modelling tools. These would allow quicker evaluation site, turn preliminary assessment feasibility chosen bioprocess could replace or at least reduce time-consuming expensive tests. At same time, tests will probably remain unavoidable detailed design full scale remedial actions above reported any event useful better reliable operation.