摘要: If radiotherapy is considered in the management of a rectal cancer, there very strong evidence supporting preoperative settings. To avoid treatment to cases where surgery alone enough, exact staging with MRI crucial.
James E. Krook, Charles G. Moertel, Leonard L. Gunderson, Harry S. Wieand, Roger T. Collins, Robert W. Beart, Theodore P. Kubista, Michael A. Poon, William C. Meyers, James A. Mailliard, Donald I. Twito, Roscoe F. Morton, Michael H. Veeder, Thomas E. Witzig, Stephen Cha, Subhash C. Vidyarthi, Effective Surgical Adjuvant Therapy for High-Risk Rectal CarcinomaNew England Journal of Medicine. ,vol. 324, pp. 709- 715 ,(1991) , 10.1056/NEJM199103143241101