作者: H. U. Frey , S. B. Mende , S. E. Harris , H. Heetderks , Y. Takahashi
DOI: 10.1002/2016JA022616
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摘要: The Imager for Sprites and Upper Atmospheric Lightning (ISUAL) was the first specifically dedicated instrument to observe lightning-induced transient luminous events (TLE) sprites, elves, halos, gigantic jets from space. is an intensified CCD system operating in visible wavelength region with a filter wheel select 6 positions filters. has 5°x20° (vertical x horizontal) field of view (FOV). Spectrophotometer (SP) populated photometers individual filters emissions far ultra-violet near-infrared. An Array Photometer two channels blue red provides altitude profiles emission over 16 bins each. Associated Electronics Package (AEP) controls functions interfaces spacecraft. ISUAL launched May 21, 2004 into sun-synchronous 890 km orbit on Formosat-2 satellite successfully been collecting data ever since. running night side pointed east down towards limb. runs continuously writes circular buffer. Whenever SP detects sudden signal increase above preset threshold, trigger generated that commands keep about 400 msec starting ~50 msec before trigger. Over its lifetime ~11 years recorded thousands TLE also observed aurora airglow.