作者: A.E. Karamitros , V.N. Kalentzos , P.N. Soucacos
DOI: 10.1016/J.INJURY.2006.02.042
关键词:
摘要: Up to 10% of the fractures occurring annually in U.S. end up non-union or delayed union. Classical treatment with osteosynthesis and bone grafting is not always successful. Alternatives have long ago been considered. This article presents current concepts electrical stimulation hyperbaric oxygen, mechanisms action, experimental clinical evidence their application.