Cyanobacteria Scytonema javanicum and Scytonema ocellatum Lipopolysaccharides Elicit Release of Superoxide Anion, Matrix-Metalloproteinase-9, Cytokines and Chemokines by Rat Microglia In Vitro

摘要: Cosmopolitan Gram-negative cyanobacteria may affect human and animal health by contaminating terrestrial, marine freshwater environments with toxins, such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The cyanobacterial genus Scytonema (S) produces several but to our knowledge the bioactivity of LPS has not been investigated. We recently reported that cyanobacterium Oscillatoria sp. elicited classical alternative activation rat microglia in vitro. Thus, we hypothesized treatment brain vitro either S. javanicum or ocellatum might stimulate concomitant release superoxide anion (O2−), matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), cytokines chemokines. Microglia were isolated from neonatal rats treated LPS, E. coli (positive control), a concentration-dependent manner, for 18 h at 35.9 °C. observed generated statistically significant O2−, MMP-9 pro-inflammatory IL-6 TNF-α, chemokines MIP-2/CXCL-2, CINC-1/CXCL-1 MIP-1α/CCL3, anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. results provide experimental support working hypothesis because both MMP-9, manner To this is first report on toxicity microglia, an immune cell type involved neuroinflammation neurotoxicity central nervous system.